ABSTRACT The validation of traditional medicines involves the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds and the subsequent evaluation of their safety and efficacy. Traditionally used medicinal plants shortlisted for this study include Maerua schinzii Pax (Capparaceae) and Catophractes alexandri (Bignoniaceae) which are indigenous to Namibia. An extract of the leaves of M. schinzii is ethnomedicinally used to treat cough, headache, earache, acne and skin disorders, whereas the leav...
ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the fluoride adsorption characteristics of the two clay minerals categorized into ten groups i.e bentonite alone (B), bentonite impregnated with 1% sodium hydroxide (BS), thermally activated bentonite (800 0C) (BAA), bentonite impregnated with iron (BI), bentonite impregnated with aluminum (BA), mica alone (M), mica impregnated with 1% sodium hydroxide (MS), thermally activated mica (800 0C) (MAA), mica impregnated with iron (MI) and mica impregnated with a...
Abstract: Cashew nut shells (CNS), which are agro wastes from cashew nut processing factories, have proven to be among the most versatile bio-based renewable materials in the search for functional materials and chemicals from renewable resources. CNS are produced in the cashew nut processing process as waste, but they contain cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) up to about 30–35 wt. % of the nut shell weight depending on the method of extraction. CNSL is a mixture of anacardic acid, cardanol, ca...
ABSTRACT This dissertation presents the optimization of the reaction parameters for the production of levulinic acid from Tanzanian sugarcane bagasse under pressurized conditions using non- stirred pressure reactor developed in our laboratory. Sugarcane bagasse produced as a waste from the sugar industries was used in this research a raw material for the production of levulinic acid (LA). It was chosen because it is a waste from the sugar industries, non food competitive and non land competit...
ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance could cause approximately 10 million of people‟s deaths worldwide yearly by 2050 (Sutherland, 2017). Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Cleome gynandra and Zanthoxylum chalybeum. The extracts of roots and flowers of Cleome gynandra; root barks, stem barks and leaves of Zanthoxylum chalybeum were used for investigation. The powdered plant materials were macerated in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, nbutanol and aqueous methan...
ABSTRACT This dissertation reports on a comparison of the physico-chemical parameters between hot springs and borehole waters. Thirty four samples were collected at Mara, Shinyanga, Singida, Manyara and Dodoma in Tanzania. Multimeter used for the analysis of physical parameters pH, EC, TDS, salinity and turbidity. Titrimetricmethods were used for chemical parametersCl−, total hardness, Ca2+ and Mg2+. UV-Visspectrophotometricfor NO3 − , SO42− , F− , Fe2+and Mn2+ and Flame Atomic Absorp...
ABSTRACT The primary target for atherosclerosis associated cardiovascular (AACV) risk prediction and treatment assessment is the lipid profile fraction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC). The routinely used Friedewald method for LDLC estimation has an unacceptably high analytical error. In this study, patient sera LDLC was estimated using the Friedewald method (LLC) and the Roche Diagnostics direct homogeneous method (dLDLC). Serum lipid calculations of non-HDLC, HDLC/LDLC ratios,...
Abstract Over the past few decades metals in medicine have played to play a significant role, especially after the discovery of the anticancer properties of cisplatin. However, acquired and intrinsic resistance, toxicity and a host of side-effects have encouraged the research for new metal based anticancer agents. Organometallic complexes have proved to be successful anticancer agents and several have commenced clinical trials. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize trinuclear ...
ABSTRACT Plant species in the genus Helichrysum, are widely used in Southern African traditional medicine. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were reported for most of the Helichrysum species including H. argyrosphaerum. As a starting point to elucidate the structures of the compounds that may be responsible for these properties, phytochemical screening was performed to qualitatively identify the classes of compounds present. The results showed that the plant is rich in polyphenols and ...
ABSTRACT In 1991, Michael Grätzel and co-workers developed a new photovoltaic cell known as Dye Sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); these photovoltaic semiconductor devices convert solar radiation directly into electricity [1]. Metal-free sensitizers such as organic dyes and natural dyes have received attention as alternative DSSC applications and have been extensively developed [2]. Two metal free dyes were reported. These dyes were prepared through Schiff base synthetic methods, which a...
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ABSTRACT Five different filling stations (Station A, Station B, Station C, Station D and Station E) were analyzed for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and heavy metals concentration using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometer respectively. The result of the analysis obtained indicated that the percentage range of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil is from 0.8061-34.3103%, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage range of underground water are from...
ABSTRACT New series of four, (Z)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidine)-2-(Aryl/Substituted arylimino) thiazolidin-4-one and one (Z)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidine)-3-(2,5- dichlorophenyl)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one were successfully synthesized from aryl/substituted aryl amines by employing nucleophilic substitution reaction with chloroacetyl chloride to form chloroacetamide. The formed acetamides were nucleophilically reacted with potassium thiocyanate coupled with Cyclization to form N-substituted thiazolidin-4-o...
ABSTRACT A large number of hetero-aromatic and carbonyl molecules are useful in pharmaceutical and dye industries. Studies of their transition dipole moment (Δμ) and transition polarizability (Δα) are important because they determine their solubility and usefulness. Experimental determination of these parameters and other electronic properties such as oscillator strength (f) using Solvatochromic Shift Equations (SSE) has proved to be unreliable. This is due to the large spread in their re...