DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, SELENIUM AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GROUNDWATER WITHIN IBADAN METROPOLIS
ONI TAIWO OLIWAFUNMILAYO
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Ground Water Quality Assessment 1
1.1.1 Significance of Water Quality Assessment1
1.2Groundwater Pollution 2
1.2.1 Sources of Water Pollution5
1.3Effects of Water Pollution 9
1.4Sources of Arsenic, Selenium, Antimony in Groundwater 10
1.4.1 Sources of arsenic in groundwater 10
1.4.2 Sources of selenium (Se) in groundwater 12
1.4.3 Sources of antimony in groundwater 12
1.5 Ground Water Quality in Nigeria: Ibadan As Case Study 14
1.6Aim of the Study 15
1.7Scope of the Study 15
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW 16
2.1 Occurrences of Selenium, Antimony and Arsenic 16
2.1.1 Occurrence of selenium in natural environment 16
2.2.2 Occurrence of Selenium in soils 18
2.2.3 Occurrence of Selenium in Acquatic Environment 20
2.2.3 Occurrence of antimony in natural environment 22
2.2.5 Antimony (Sb) in soil 22
2.2.6 Antimony in aquatic environment 23
2.2.7 Arsenic in natural environment 24
2.2.8 Arsenic in aquatic environment 24
2.2.8 Arsenic in soil 25
2.3Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water 26
2.3.1 Temperature 26
2.3.2 pH 26
2.3.3 Alkalinity 27
2.3.4 Dissolved oxygen (DO) 27
2.3.5 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 27
2.3.6 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 28
2.3.7 Sulphate 28
2.3.8Chloride 28
2.3.9 Phosphate 28
2.3.10 Nitrate 29
2.3Inductively Coupled Plasma/Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP/OES) 29
2.4 Assessment of Limit to Arsenic, Selenium and Antimony in Drinking Water 29
2.5 Analytical Method in Determining Arsenic, Selenium and Antimony 30
2.5.1 Spectrophotometric methods 30
2.5.2 Electroanalytical methods 31
2.5.3 Atomic fluorescence 31
2.5.4 Plasmic spectrometric method. 32
2.5.5 Chromatographic method 32
2.5.6 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy method 33
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1Study Location 34
3.2 Sample Design 34
3.3 Sample Collection 35
3.4 Sample Preservation 35
3.5Sample Preparation 41
3.6Preparation of Reagents 41
3.7 Determination of Parameters 43
3.9Instrumental Analysis 44
3.10 Quality Assurance Protocol 49
3.11 Determination Of Heavy Metals Using Inductively Coupled Plasma/Optical Emission Spectroscopy( ICP-OES). 50
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1Characterization of the Sample 51
4.2Concentration of Arsenic 57
4.3Concentration of Antimony 58
4.4Concentration of Selenium 58
4.5.Concentration of Total Alkalinity 59
4.6.Concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 60
4.7.Concentration of Hardness 62
4.8.Concentration of Nitrate 62
4.9.Concentration of pH 62
4.10. Concentration of Phosphate 63
4.11. Concentration of Sulfate. 64
4.12. Concentration of Total dissolved solids TDS 65
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0.CONCLUSION 66
5.1.RECOMMENDATION. 66
REFERENCES 67
APPENDIX
ONI, T. (2018). DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, SELENIUM AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GROUNDWATER WITHIN IBADAN METROPOLIS. Afribary. Retrieved from https://track.afribary.com/works/taiwo-project
ONI, TAIWO "DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, SELENIUM AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GROUNDWATER WITHIN IBADAN METROPOLIS" Afribary. Afribary, 28 Nov. 2018, https://track.afribary.com/works/taiwo-project. Accessed 06 Nov. 2024.
ONI, TAIWO . "DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, SELENIUM AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GROUNDWATER WITHIN IBADAN METROPOLIS". Afribary, Afribary, 28 Nov. 2018. Web. 06 Nov. 2024. < https://track.afribary.com/works/taiwo-project >.
ONI, TAIWO . "DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, SELENIUM AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GROUNDWATER WITHIN IBADAN METROPOLIS" Afribary (2018). Accessed November 06, 2024. https://track.afribary.com/works/taiwo-project