The Prevalence and Impact of Tuberculosis in HIV Infected Patients in Bushenyi District; A Case Study of HIV Clinic at Kampala International University, Teaching Hospital

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence and impact of Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in Bushenyi district; using a case study of HIV clinic at Kampala International University, Teaching Hospital. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the prevalence of Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in Bushenyi district; to assess the impact of Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in Bushenyi district and to find out the ways of preventing and treating Tuberculosis among HIV- infected patients in Bushenyi district. The researcher adopted a crosssectional research design for the study; a sample of 252 respondents was studied; both primary and secondary data was used; simple random sampling methods was used to select respondents; the researcher used questionnaires and interview guides to collect the data; the data was analyzed using Excel and SPSS to generate cross tabulation tables, frequency and descriptive tables that were used to present data. The study found out that the prevalence TB among HIV- infected clients at KIU-TH was at 7.14%; the findings suggested that TB is still a common problem among patients receiving ART and TB was identified to be one of the leading causes of death among the HIV patients. A timely health education on the control of TB could the prevent of TB; the hospital also had IPT (anti-TB drug) which helped the clients on the control of TB; KIU-TH had a Gin expert machine for testing TB suspects as one way of identifying the TB patients and isolating them from the TB free clients. Basing on the study findings, the researcher recommended that health workers should put more effort in health education of the clients to bring down the prevalence of TB with its associated risks. The researcher also recommended that more counseling sessions on taking anti-TB should be extended to all HIV infected patients should be conducted oftenly as one of the ways to give them more knowledge on the TB and its control to reduce the mortality rate of HIV-infected clients who die due to TB.

Table of Contents

DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i

DEDICATION............................................................................................................................................. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... iv

Acronyms...................................................................................................................................................... v

Definition of Variables ................................................................................................................................ vi

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................. ix

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1

1.0 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background.........................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Statement of the problem....................................................................................................................4

1.3 Purpose of the study............................................................................................................................5

1.4 Specific Objectives of the study..........................................................................................................6

1.5 Research questions..............................................................................................................................6

1.6 Scope of the study...............................................................................................................................6

1.6.1 Geographical scope ......................................................................................................................6

1.6.2 Content scope...............................................................................................................................6

1.6.3 Time scope .................................................................................................................................6

1.7 Significances of the study ...................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER TWO ..........................................................................................................................................7

LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................................................7

2.0 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................7

2.1 The prevalence of Tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients...........................................................7

2.2 The impact of Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients.........................................................................9

2.3 Prevention Tuberculosis among HIV- infected patients...................................................................10

CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................................................13

METHODOLOGY .....................................................................................................................................13

3.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................13

3.1 Study design......................................................................................................................................13

3.2 Study population ...............................................................................................................................13

3.3 Sample size determination ................................................................................................................13

3.4 Sources of data..................................................................................................................................14

viii

3.5 Sampling technique...........................................................................................................................14

3.6 Data collection tools .........................................................................................................................14

3.6.1 Questionnaire .............................................................................................................................14

3.6.2 Interview guide ..........................................................................................................................14

3.6.3 Observation check list................................................................................................................14

3.7 Data analysis.....................................................................................................................................15

3.8 Ethical Consideration........................................................................................................................15

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.........................16

4.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................16

4.1 Background Information...................................................................................................................16

4.2.1 The Prevalence of TB in HIV-infected clients by sex at KIU-TH.................................................17

4.2.2 The Prevalence of TB in HIV-infected clients at KIU-TH ............................................................17

4.4 Prevention of TB among the HIV-Infected clients...........................................................................17

4.4.1 Patients responses on TB prevention .............................................................................................17

4.4.2 Responses from health workers .....................................................................................................18

4.3 The impact of TB among HIV-infected clients at KIU-TH..............................................................18

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF THE STUDY FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................................19

5.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................19

5.1 Discussion of the study findings.......................................................................................................19

5.2 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................19

5.3 Recommendation ..............................................................................................................................20

5.4 Areas for further studies....................................................................................................................20

References...................................................................................................................................................21

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................24

Appendix I: Questionnaire for health workers........................................................................................24

Appendix II: Interview guide for HIV clients.........................................................................................26

Appendix II: Observation Check list ......................................................................................................27

Appendix III: A Gantt chart showing a work plan of activities for the research work ...........................28

Appendix IV: Estimated Budget.............................................................................................................29