Effects of vernonia amygdalina on neurobehavioral activities of albino rats

         TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Table of contents

List of tables

List of figures

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.       Introduction

1.1     cannabis sativa

1.2     cannabis and cannabinoids

1.3     Vernonia amygdalina

CHAPTER TWO

2        Literature Review

2.1     Effects of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina and cannabis sativa on neurobehavioral activities.

2.2     Decreasing or disabling neuronal functions.

2.3     Anxiety

2.4     Modeling depression in animals

2.5     Vernonia Amygdalina

2.5.1 Scientific classification

2.5.2 Zoo pharmacology

2.5.3           Chemical constituents of Vernonia amygdalina

2.5.4 Research works on Vernonia amygdalina reviewed.

2.6     Cannabis Sativa

2.6.1 Medical use

2.6.2 Recreational uses

2.6.3 Spiritual uses

2.7     Ways of consumption

2.7.1 Smoking

2.7.2 Vaporizer

2.7.3 Cannabis tea

2.7.4 Edibles

2.8     Adverse Effects

2.8.1 Toxicity

2.8.2 Effects on the lungs

2.8.3 Cancer

2.8.4 Neurological Effects (anatomy and brain chemistry)

2.8.5 Psychiatry

2.9     Research Works Reviewed

2.10   Elevated plus Maze

2.10.1         Procedure for the elevated plus maze

2.10.2         Experimental Designs

2.10.3         Scoring the elevated plus Maze

2.10.4         Potential confounds and things to keep in mind

2.11   Open Field Test

2.11.1         The procedure for the open field

2.11.2         Behaviors scored

2.11.3         What is measured in the open field

      CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1     Materials

3.2     Methods

3.3     Statistical analysis

3.4     Precautions Taken

3.5     Limitations to study

 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     RESULTS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1     Discussion

5.2     Recommendation

5.3     Conclusion

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

                                                   ABSTRACT

           The study of neurobehavioral effects of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina and cannabis sativa was carried out to determine the effects of these extracts on neurobehaviors such as anxiety, locomotor activity and exploratory behaviors.

          The experiment was carried out using the open field test apparatus and the elevated plus maze to which the test animals were kept in and allowed to explore each of the apparatus for 5 minutes.

        The study showed that animals treated with cannabis sativa extract spent more    times in the open arm of the elevated plus maze while they spent less time in the closed arm. In the open field test it was observed that the number of rears and line crossing which is a measure of the total locomotor activity was higher in the marijuana group compared to the group treated with Vernonia amygdalina.

       This study showed that cannabis sativa decreases anxiety and increases the rate of locomotor and exploratory activity compare to Vernonia amygdalina which increases anxiety and decreases locomotor activity.

KEYWORDS: Vernonia amygdalina, Neurobehavioral, Anxiety, Cannabis Sativa, Albino rats, locomotor activity.