Structure of thesis The results from the thesis have been presented in chapters based on various experiments conducted. These chapters are intended as manuscripts for submission to international peer reviewed journals. Chapter 1 gives a general background to the thesis and presents pertinent literature on the topics understudy. While literature may be replete on neonicotinoids and other topics discussed in this thesis, these topics cannot be exhaustively discussed. As such, the literature mo...
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION In the past with the necessary of metals it always seems impossible to join two metals together with grooving riveting, this idea leads to alternative of finding a lasting solution to the problem. This brought about the idea of a welding machine with a well laminated core and coil wound together to form a high rated transformer which is immersed in a can of oil. Welding is the most economical and efficient way to join metals permanently. It i...
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125616._ Magnetoelectric (Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6)1-x(CoFe2O4)x (x = 0.2–0.6) composites were prepared by a one-pot softchemistry synthesis using PEG400. Calcining at 700 ◦C resulted in nanocrystalline composite powders (dcryst. = 24–30 nm) which were sintered between 1050 and 1200 ◦C to ceramic bodies with relative densities up to 98%. SEM investigations confirm the formation of composite ceramics with a 0–3 connectivity and variable grain sizes f...
TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Table of contents CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Rust in History 1.2 Iron and its Properties 1.3 Definition of Rusting and Rust CHAPTER TWO 2.0 The Chemistry of Rusting 2.1 Factors that speed up Rusting 2.2 Protection from Rusting CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Methods of removing Rust on iron 3.1 Economic importance of Rusting of iron 3.2 Conclusion 3.3 References CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Ru...
This study presents the comparison of various properties of paperboard from various Argo wastes. The agro wastes under study in this project include sugarcane bagasse, coir fiber (coconut husk) and maize stalk. The properties differ as a result of the composition and structure of the biomass that is put into consideration that is the amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin available in the agro waste biomass. Paper is basically made from cellulose fibers therefore the project aims to di...
Abstract. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39 (2019) 1156–1163. (DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.11.043). Nano-crystalline Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 was synthesized by a one-pot method using PEG400 and citric acid. Calcination of the (Sr,Ba,Nb)-gel at 600 °C leads to Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 with a crystallite size of 24(2) nm and a specific surface area of 38.5(10) m2 g-1. Sintering upto 1325 °C leads to ceramics with globular or irregular-shaped grains and average grain sizes between 1.3 and 2.4 μm, whereas higher ...
Abstract: J. Mater. Sci. 48 (2013) 6509–6518. (DOI: 10.1007/s10853-013-7447-x).The synthesis and characterization of nano-sized MgFe2O4 by a starch-gel method is described herein. A phase-pure nano-sized MgFe2O4 powder (1a) was obtained after calcining a (MgFe)-starch gel at 550 °C. The powder has a specific surface area of 60.6 m2/g and a crystallite size of 9 nm. TEM investigations reveal particles in the range of 7 to 15 nm. The activation energy of the crystallite growth process w...
Abstract: RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 71491 (Open Access, DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12312g).BaTiO3-MgFe2O4 composites (30 wt.% MgFe2O4) with a small addition of BaGeO3 as a sintering additive were synthesized by a one-pot Pechini-like sol-gel process. Nano-crystalline composite powders with a crystallite size of about 10 nm were obtained after reaction at 700 °C for 1 h. Magnetic investigations suggest that the nano-powder is in its superparamagnetic state at room temperature. The addition of BaGeO3 leads to a...
Abstract. J. Solid State Chem. 287 (2020) 121380. (DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121380). Nanocrystalline Li0.5Fe2.5O4 was prepared by a starch-based soft-chemistry synthesis. Calcining of the (LiFe)-gel between 350 and 1000 °C results in Li0.5Fe2.5O4 powders with crystallite sizes from 13 to 141 nm and specific surface areas between 35 and 7.1 m2 g-1. XRD investigations reveal the formation of ordered Li0.5Fe2.5O4. Sintering between 1050 and 1250 °C leads to ceramics with relative densities of ...
Abstract. Solid State Ionics 249–250 (2013) 1–5. (DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2013.07.001). The optical and magnetic properties of nano-LaFeO3 powders prepared by a starch assisted soft-chemistry synthesis and corresponding ceramics have been investigated. Magnetic measurements on LaFeO3 powders with crystallite sizes of 37−166 nm showpronounced magnetization hysteresis loops. Measurements at 300 K reveal that the coercivity (Hc) of 19−32 kOe depends on the crystallite size, whereas the low re...
Abstract. Solid State Ionics 231 (2013) 43–48. (DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2012.10.017). The preparation of a nano-sized LaFeO3 powder by a soft-chemistry method using starch as complexing agent is described herein. Phase evolution and development of the specific surface area during the decomposition process of (LaFe)-gels were monitored up to1000 °C. A phase-pure nano-sized LaFeO3 powder with a high specific surface area of 25.7 m2/g and a crystallite size of 37 nm was obtained after calcining at...
Abstract. J. Solid State Chem. 213 (2014) 57–64. (DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.02.010). The synthesis of nano-crystalline CuFe2O4 powders by a combustion-like process is described herein. Phase formation and evolution of the crystallite size during the decomposition process of a (CuFe2)-precursor gel were monitored up to 1000 °C. Phase-purenano-sized CuFe2O4 powders were obtained after reaction at 750 °C for 2 h resulting in a crystallite size of 36 nm, which increases to 96 nm after calcinin...
Abstract. J. Alloys Compd. 590 (2014) 324–330. (DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.120). The preparation of phase-pure nano-sized BiFeO3 by a combustion-like method using starch as complexing agent is described herein. Phase evolution and development of the crystallite size during the synthesis were monitored depending on the heat treatment and the composition of the (BiFe)-gels. Phase-pure BiFeO3 was obtained at a low heating rate and calcination temperatures between 500 and 600 °C. Above...
Abstract. J. Solid State Chem. 217 (2014) 50–56. (DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.05.006). The syntheses of phase−pure and stoichiometric iron sillenite (Bi25FeO40) powders by a hydrothermal (at ambient pressure) and a combustion−like process are described. Phase−pure samples were obtained in the hydrothermal reaction at 100 °C (1), whereas thecombustion−like process leads to pure Bi25FeO40 after calcination at 750 °C for 2 h (2a). The activation energy of the crystallite growth process ...
Abstract. J. Mater. Sci. 53 (2018) 1024–1034. (DOI: 10.1007/s10853-017-1609-1). A one-pot polymerization method using citric acid and glucose for the synthesis of nano-crystalline BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 is described. Phase evolution and the development of the crystallite size during decomposition of the (Ba,Fe,Nb)-gel were examined up to 1100 °C. Calcination at 850 °C of the gel leads to a phase-pure nano-crystalline BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 powder with a crystallite size of 28 nm. The shrinkage of com...