Abstract/Overview This study examined whether parents’ social information processing was related to their subsequent reports of their harsh discipline. Interviews were conducted with mothers (n = 1,277) and fathers (n = 1,030) of children in 1,297 families in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States), initially when children were 7 to 9 years old and again 1 year later. Structural equation models showed that parents’ ...
Abstract/Overview This study advances understanding of predictors of child abuse and neglect at multiple levels of influence. Mothers, fathers, and children (N = 1,432 families, M age of children = 8.29 years) were interviewed annually in three waves in 13 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Multilevel models were estimated to examine predictors of (a) within-family differences across the three time ...
Abstract/Overview According to the dual systems model of adolescent risk taking, sensation seeking and impulse control follow different developmental trajectories across adolescence and are governed by two different brain systems. The authors tested whether different underlying processes also drive age differences in reward approach and cost avoidance. Using a modified Iowa Gambling Task in a multinational, cross-sectional sample of 3,234 adolescents (ages 9–17; M= 12.87, SD= 2.36), pubert...
Abstract The main objective of the study was to establish whether the banks in Kenya were involved in financial statement manipulations. The study involved all the banks registered and operating in Kenya and whose financial statements are published for public consumption. Beneish five-variable model was first used to categorize the banks as likely non-manipulators and likely manipulators. The probit regression model was used to determine non-manipulators and manipulators based on the average...
Abstract/Overview Children, mothers, and fathers in 12 ethnic and regional groups in nine countries (N = 1,338 families) were interviewed annually for 8 years (Mage child = 8–16 years) to model four domains of parenting as a function of child age, puberty, or both. Latent growth curve models revealed that for boys and girls, parents decrease their warmth, behavioral control, rules/limit‐setting, and knowledge solicitation in conjunction with children’s age and pubertal status as childr...
The Hogg’s adaptive scheme is extended to the Gauss Markov Model. The Gauss Markov model is a statistical procedure which belongs to the class of general linear model. Gauss Markov model is very sensitive to nonnormality, variance heterogeneity as well as large sample size. These assumptions may be violated as a result of departures from normality and small sample size. To overcome these problems, an Adaptive Scheme is adopted. The Adaptive Scheme is a two step procedure in which a selector...
This study applied multilevel modelling to analyze data on child discipline practices from 8,156 households from the MICS 4 data collected by GSS in 2011. The analysis took into consideration intra-cluster correlation that results from the collection of such hierarchical structured data and unmeasured higher level characteristics that impact on values of the response variables. A key purpose of the study was to address the error terms of individual observations that correlate in such datasets...
In modeling real-life events with respect to probability theory, two particular characteristics are considered, either the probability distribution is Flexible or the distribution is Tractable. Statistically, in order to retain the originality of the data, appropriate probability distribution needs to be employed rather than to transform the existing dataset. Classical distributions lack the ability to model and describe some important real-life events. Hence, the derived compound distributio...
The focus of this study was to model and forecast stock returns of Ghana Commercial Bank on the Ghana Stock Exchange using classical and Bayesian switching volatility models. Due to the presence of stylised facts in stock returns, this study finds it imperative to identify an appropriate risk model that best describes these features. The data utilised in this study are the stock prices of Ghana Commercial Bank transformed into monthly averages of daily closing prices covering 138 months. The ...
The Topp-Leone Zubair family of distribution was developed in this study to model life time data. This family of distributions is an improvement of the Topp-Leone and the Zubair families which lacked scale parameter and shape parameters respectively. The statistical properties of the generator were obtained , thus; mixture representation, moments, moment generating function, incomplete moments, inequality measures, mean deviation, median deviation, mean residual life, stochastic ordering, Str...
Classical distributions are at times unable to provide a reasonable fit to certain forms of datasets, hence the need to generalize existing distributions to enhance their flexibility in the modeling of data. In recent times, much attention is focused on developing of new families of distributions for generalizing existing models. This is evident in the vast literature on modification and generalization of statistical distributions carried out by researchers. This study therefore developed gen...
Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by the bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study modeled the prognostic factors for TB patients in Buluk using Kaplan-Meier, Bayesian Continuous-time Survival models, log-logistic and logistic regression models. Age, treatment time, and smear results were found to be associated with treatment outcomes. Pulmonary positive TB was identified to be the most prevalent disease category. The study unveiled that the median recovery time for p...
In probability distribution theory, substantial efforts have been made in developing probability distributions for modelling lifetime from systems connected in series. However, there are several significant situations where empirical data set from such systems do not follow any of these existing distributions. Hence, it is essential to generate more flexible distributions for modelling lifetime data from series connected components. In this study, the Nadarajah Haghighi generalised power Weib...
Domestic tourism plays a significant role in Ghana‟s economy as it generates markets for a wide variety of tourism products but lags behind other countries like United Kingdom, Germany, Kenya and other countries in terms of domestic tourism expenditure. Furthermore, no expenditure was known about the general value of domestic tourism at both macro and micro levels. Being motivated by this necessity, the study had to investigate Ghana‟s domestic tourism demand for tourism products from 201...
A new family of distributions, by name generalized odd inverse exponential distribution was developed in this study. The new family of distributions were developed using the concepts of relative odds. The statistical properties such as quantile function, characteristic function, moments, moment generating function, mean residual life, inequality measures and order statistics for the new family of distributions were obtained. The maximum likelihood, ordinary least squares and Cramér-von Mises...