Abstract: The field of microelectronics experienced a huge shift from the traditional planar MOSFET to 3D multi-gated structures, most noticeable being the FinFET. FinFET is regarded the most favourable for progressing CMOS downscalling in the nanometer scale due to its ability to suppress short channel effects due to its better gate control, enabling it to achieve performance of high quality and low power. The fin dimen sions play a huge role in the design of a FinFET. Looking at the gadget...
Abstract: The main issue associated with groundwater supply in Botswana are the rate of its replenishment relative to its extraction rate and quality. This study aims to identify the possible causes and effects of groundwater decline at the Dukwi Wellfield. Specifically, it aims to investigate the contributing variables for groundwater decline at the wellfield area; the trend and significance of groundwater level decline using the linear trend model; the influence of groundwater decline...
This research work delves into a comparative analysis of Perovskite solar cells crafted using different antisolvents, namely DMF, DMSO/DMF, and TOL/DMF. The investigation focused on assessing their structural and optical properties, as well as their solar cell efficiency and stability. Notably, the perovskite layer formed with DMF displayed numerous pinholes, while the use of TOL/DMF as a mixed solvent yielded a pinhole-free layer. Spectral analysis revealed heightened light absorption in the...
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power flow and fault scenarios in a complex power system configuration consisting of generators, transformers, transmission lines, buses, and loads. Utilizing MATLAB's Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) and employing the Newton-Rhapson Method, power flow calculations were conducted to assess system performance under normal operating conditions. Subsequently, fault analyses, including Double Line-To-Ground Fault (DLG) and Three-Phase Fault (3φ...
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power flow and fault scenarios in a complex power system configuration consisting of generators, transformers, transmission lines, buses, and loads. Utilizing MATLAB's Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) and employing the Newton-Rhapson Method, power flow calculations were conducted to assess system performance under normal operating conditions. Subsequently, fault analyses, including Double Line-To-Ground Fault (DLG) and Three-Phase Fault (3φ...
This seminar paper delves into the realm of ion thrusters, which have become pivotal in driving forward space exploration amidst the growing space industry and humanity's wish to traverse the vast expanse of the solar system. It traces the evolution of ion thrusters from its beginnings to becoming the backbone of propulsion systems for deep-space missions. The paper focuses extensively on the working principles of ion thrusters, particularly the electromagnetic principles that govern their op...
Abstract: Due to human influence and its negative impacts on the world’s environment, the world ischanging into a cleaner and more sustainable energy system. In both private and public buildings, there isa desire to reduce electricity usage, automate appliances, and optimize the electricity usage of a building.This paper presents the design and implementation of a secured smart home switching system based onwireless communications and self-energy harvesting. The proposed secured smart home...
Abstract: In this study distillery wastewater was treated using the vermifiltration technology in a bid to reduce downstream contamination by the effluent. 10 kg of Eisenia fetida earthworms were used as the vermifiltration media in a 0.5m 0.5m x 0.3m vermifiltration bed over a 40 h period cycle. The distillery effluent physicochemical parameters which included pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and th...
Abstract: In this study, the co-briquetting of coal fines saw dust and molasses as a binder is explored as an option for value addition of the wastes generated in the various industries. The effect of the saw dust concentration and the molasses concentration was investigated through measuring the briquette's calorific value, fixed carbon, compressive strength and shatter index. Addition of Ca(OH)2 was done to effect removal of sulphur from the briquette. Measurements of the briquettes physio...
Abstract: This study describes a DC to DC voltage multiplier using the 555 Integrated Circuit (IC) timer in an astable state. The major motivation of the design is to be able to produce an inexpensive and light form of generating high DC voltage to power devises that would normal need a really large and heavy battery to be operated. The study also briefly touch on the negative aspects of large DC voltage, heat dissipation and general battery life. With the help of the astable state of the mu...
Abstract: This paper presents the design and simulation of an Automatic Room Heater Control system. This system allows the user to set a desired temperature which is then compared to the room temperature measured by a temperature sensor.With the help of a micro controller, the system responds by turning ON any of the two (2) loads (Fan or a heater) automatically depending on the temperature difference. The Fan is triggered ON when the room temperature is higher than the set temperature and t...
Abstract: This study investigates the potentially of biologically treating opaque beer wastewater using the bio augmentation technology at the same time harnessing biogas and bio solids as value added products. Wastewater sample were collected in 5L containers and the sludge was separated from the liquid. The liquid and sludge were bio augmented with Acti-zyme with loadings of 5 g/L, 10 g/L and 15 g/L and were left to settle over a period of 30 days under anaerobic conditions. The wastewater...
Abstract: In this study, the potential to fully exploit sewage sludge as a raw material for bio ethanol a source of bio fuel is investigated. Sewage sludge hydrolysate was first made by introducing Bacillus flexus in order for saccharification to take place before fermenting to bio ethanol using yeast. The hydrolysate was then prepared for fermentation by introducing 10 g/L of peptone, 2 g/L of KH2PO4 and 1 g/L of MgSO4. Afterwards, fermentation was allowed to take place at varying pH (4.0e7...
Abstract: In this article, we investigate the use of an environmental waste (coal fly ash) in the manufacture of an ammonium nitrate corrosion resistant brick. Ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizer spillages and vapors continuously corrode the civil structures in a fertilizer manufacturing plant situated in Zimbabwe. This situation is a safety hazard to more than a hundred plant personnel and hence a priority area for research. Our experimental results show that addition of sodium silicate improv...
Abstract: In this work, the property of physically deposited thin WC films with respect to deposition parameters and conditions reported by previous researchers is being reviewed. The study provides deeper insight to the effect of deposition parameters as well as preliminary selection of parameters for optimization of the WC film preparation for improved tribological properties for industrial applications. Not much studies of WC thin films deposited though PVD methods have been reviewed henc...