Chemistry Research Papers/Topics

Design And Implementation Of A Secure Mobile Phonebased Route Navigator (Mguide), Adapted For The Visually Challenged People

ABSTRACT A novel mGuide turn-by-turn Android mobile application for GPS outdoor voice navigation has been developed and presented, which is adapted for visually challenged people. The application was developed in response to the challenges of outdoor navigation by visually impaired persons. The application optimizes five map servers to give the best navigation information at any particular instance and loads map tiles very fast due to superior rendering procedures of the open street maps; lo...

Evaluation Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Var Israelensis And Bacillus Sphaericus Briquets As Anopheles Mosquito Larvicides In Vihiga County, Western Kenya

ABSTRACT Malaria is a key hindrance to the improvement of health in tropical and subtropical countries of the world with more than two billion people exposed to it. One of the approaches of controlling vectors of malaria is by targeting aquatic stages at source. This would lead to significant reduction in the adult vectors as well as malaria transmission. Entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuriengiensis var israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) in the form of dispersable granular f...

Design And Implementation Of A Mobile Phone based Route Detection System For Security Applications

ABSTRACT In the area of security, industry and academia have actively conducted research and implemented several systems which can be used to enhance security. However, many of these systems are not always suitable for outdoor activities and also their cost is very high. An easily portable and a versatile device like a mobile phone become handy for enhancing personal security. In this work, an optimal mobile phone-based route detection application has been developed. It locates and monitors ...

Determination Of Levels Of Ochratoxin A In Wheat, Finger Millet And Sorghum Grains And Their Products Retailed In Nairobi County, Kenya

ABSTRACT Cereals are major food commodity used in Kenya and their quality determines their suitability to human and animal health. The presence of mycotoxins in cereals and their products is a serious emerging threat to quality of cereals based foodstuff. The main classes of mycotoxins found in cereals are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivarenol and trichothecenes. Though aflatoxins are the most toxic mycotoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA) is a possible carcinogen of class 2B. In this st...

Determination Of Thiocyanate Among Smokers And Nonsmokers Using Urine As A Biological Indicator And Other Contributing Factors Of Cyanide Exposure

ABSTRACT The low levels of thiocyanate (SCN) normally present in body fluids increase with chronic exposure to cyanide. Cyanide (CN- ) is a fast-acting, potentially deadly chemical which prevents or inhibits cellular respiration and inactivation of cytochrome oxidase killing the cell. Humans are exposed to cyanide from dietary, industrial, environmental and other sources. Tobacco smoking is an important source of cyanide exposure. After absorption, cyanides are readily distributed in the bod...

Bioprospecting For Anti-Mosquito Phytochemicals Associated With Olfaction And Larvicidal Activities From Selected Kenyan Plants

ABSTRACT Mosquitoes are of high public health concern since they are significant disease vectors of different tropical and subtropical life-threatening diseases like malaria, dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, zika virus and encephalitis. Use of synthetic insecticides for control of mosquitoes causes development of resistance in vector species and have negative effects to the environment and human. This study aimed to find alternative, effective tools against these vectors from plant essenti...

Aluminophosphates Derived From Tea Leaves And Pumpkin Seeds Ashes For Removal Of Sellected Heavy Metals From Contaminated Water

ABSTRACT About 43% of people in Kenya have no access to clean water. Lack of clean water may worsen as industrial development and population increases as projected if drastic measures are not taken immediately Pollution of water by heavy metals arises from many sources but most commonly from purification of metals, smelting industries, paint industries and textile industries. Activated carbon and other commercial adsorbents are frequently used as adsorbents. Despite their extensive use in wat...

Characterization of flavonoids from candidate striga weed controlling food legumes; cicer arietinum l. And vigna radiata l.

ABSTRACT In Africa, intercropping of some legumes with cereal crops has been found to cause remarkable reduction of Striga infestation and improved production of cereal crop. Desmodium uncinatum controls Striga infestation in intercrop with cereals through an allelopathic mechanism, which involves post-germination growth inhibitors exuded from the roots. Allelopathy is a natural and environmentally friendly technique, which has a potential to be a new approach for weed control. A standardize...

Synthesis Of Silicon Nitride From Rice Husks And Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes For Adsorption Of Flouride Ions From Aqueous Solutions

ABSTRACT High concentrations of fluoride in drinking water pose serious problems associated with dental and skeletal fluorosis to humans in several parts of the world. Among various methods used for defluoridation such as electrochemical degradation, ion exchange, precipitation coagulation, adsorption offers an attractive method for the removal of fluoride in terms of cost, simplicity of design and operations. Silicon nitride is a material that is characterized by high mechanical strength, th...

Oil Plants As Sources For Production Of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (Biodiesel) In Kenya

ABSTRACT The increased environmental awareness, the world’s petroleum supply constraints and high petroleum fuel prices have spurred efforts in many countries to search for suitable alternatives to diesel fuels. Diesel fuels derived from triglycerides (vegetable oils or animal fats) present a promising alternative. In this study, oils extracted from four plants, Jatropha curcas L., Croton megalocarpus Hutch., Calodendrum capense (L.f.) Thunb. (cape chestnut) and Cocos nucifera L. (coconut) ...

Using Cilantro Leaves And Stems To Remove Lead, Cadmium And Turbidity From Contaminated Water

ABSTRACT Water as a resource in Kenya is increasingly being polluted as its population increases. Ingestion of heavy metal compounds poses great risks to human health since heavy metal ions can accumulate their amounts along the food chain. Therefore, it is necessary to remove or minimize the heavy metal ions in contaminated water. A number of methods are already in operation such as ion-exchange, chemical coagulation, electrochemical methods, membrane process, using natural zeolite, ultra-fi...

Potential Toxic Levels Of Cyanide In Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Grown In Some Parts Of Kenya

ABSTRACT Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a cyanogenic plant which is toxic when consumed without sufficient processing. Cassava is characterized by presence of linamarin a cyanogenic glycoside and when acted upon by an enzyme linamarase is hydrolysed into cyanohydrin which is further hydrolyzed to give hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which is toxic. This study aimed at determination of the levels of cyanide in the sweet cassava variety grown in five different geographical regions of Kenya namel...

Quantification Of Selected Essential And Toxic Minerals In Geophagic Materials In Kiambu County, Kenya

ABSTRACT Pica is described as the craving and subsequent consumption of non-food substances including earth, charcoal and uncooked rice. Various hypothesis have been fronted to explain pica among them hunger, micronutrient deficiency and protection. Geophagy, a special type of pica applicable to the deliberate consumption of soil and clay deposits cuts across socio-economic, ethnic, religious and racial divides due to cultural, medicinal, physiological and nutritional factors. In sub-Saharan ...

An Evaluation Of Quality And Brands Of Amoxicillin Formulations Marketed In Nairobi City County, Kenya

ABSTRACT Antibiotics are among the most counterfeited anti-infectious medicines in developing countries due to high demand. Amoxicillin is among the most prescribed, affordable and easily accessible antibiotic in Kenya. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic hence commonly used for chemotherapy. Administration of poor-quality medicine possess the potential risks of treatment failure, emergence of resistance, side effects, and /or death to patients. This study sought to determine the quality and id...

Efficiency And Sorption Capacity Of Unmodified And Modified Onion Skins (Allium Cepa) To Adsorb Selected Heavy Metals From Water

ABSTRACT The contamination of water by toxic heavy metals is a worldwide environmental problem. Global environmental changes have dramatically increased the environmental “load” of heavy metals. Therefore, there is need to find an economical method to remove pollutants from water. Onion skins are known to contain flavonoids which are polyphenolic. Quercetin is an example of flavonols, which is mainly in onions. Therefore, onion skins can bind metal ions enabling adsorption. This study eva...


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