Biochemistry Research Papers/Topics

Brain, lung, and heart oxidative stress assessment of an overthe-counter pyrethroid insecticide product in Nigeria

We  evaluated  the  brain,  lung,  and  heart  oxidative  stress  in  rats  exposed  to  aerosol  of  an  over-thecounter  pyrethroid  insecticide  product  in  Nigeria.  The  experimental  animals  were  randomly  divided  into  four  groups: group  I  (control)  was  not  exposed  to  the  insecticide  aerosol,  while  groups  II,  III,  and  IV  were  exposed  to  6.0  mL  m-3, 12.0  mL  m-3,  and  18  mL  m-3  of  insecticide  ae...

Potential Genotoxicity, Hematotoxicity and Clastogenicity of Three Commonly Consumed Polyherbal Formulations in Abeokuta South-West Nigeria

Background:  The  current  upsurge  in  the  use  of  polyherbal  remedies  and  coupled  with  loose  regulation  on  public access  to  these  products  underscore  research  efforts  to  evaluate  their  biochemical  effect,  noting  also  that  many  of  the polyherbal  medicines  lack  scientific  evidence  to  support  their  medicinal  claims.  Objective:  We  therefore  investigated  the potential  genotoxicity,  hematotoxicity  and  ...

Extra-pulmonary oxidative stress investigations of an over-the-counter pyrethroid insecticide product in rats

Extra-pulmonary  oxidative  stress  investigations  of  exposure  to  aerosol,  of  an  over-the-counter pyrethroid  insecticide  product  in  Nigeria  in  Wistar  rats  were  carried  out.  Four  groups  of  five  animals each  were  used  in  this  study,  and  were  exposed  to  different  concentrations  of  the  insecticide  aerosol. Malondialdehyde  (MDA)  and  reduced  glutathione  (GSH)  concentrations  were  determined  in  the  live...

Edible camphor-induced histopathological changes in hippocampus and cerebral cortex following oral administration into rats

Introduction:  Raw edible camphor (EC), and as component of herbal infusions  are widely used to treat pile, back pain, erectile dysfunction, and as  an aphrodisiac especially in preparation  for sexual intercourse by men. It has been traced in umbilical cord, blood,  fetal, adipose,  and other tissues including brain, where it bioaccumulates.  Methods:  The study, therefore, investigated the possible histopathological changes  in brain, heart, and  spleen that may result following ...

Induction of micronuclei in bone marrow cells and hepatotoxicity of one of the most common over-the-counter pyrethroid insecticide products in Nigeria

Increasing environmental pollution in the tropics is creating a breeding ground for mosquitoes, leading to increasingly frequent use of insecticides to combat home infestation of mosquitoes, the vector of malarial parasites. Household members are therefore more prone to aerosol exposure and subsequent health effects. We assessed the hepatotoxic and clastogenic effects in rats exposed to different levels of aerosols of one of the insecticides most commonly in used in Nigeria. There were signif...

ANTICLASTOGENIC AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) EXTRACT AGAINST NITROBENZENE-INDUCED TOXICITY IN RATS

Ginger  or  Zingiber  officinale  has  been  reported  to  possess  antioxidant  activities  that  can protect  against  free  radical  damage.  We  therefore  carried  out  this  study  to  investigate  the  possible ameliorative  effects  of  ginger  against  the  clastogenicity,  hepatotoxicity  and  oxidative  stress  induced by  nitrobenzene  (NB)  administration  in  wistar  rats.  Twenty  male  wistar  rats  were  divided  into  four g...

ROLE OF CIRCADIAN CLOCK GENES IN THE REGULATION OF CELL CYCLE PROCESSES

One  interesting  branch  of  biochemistry  which  scientists  are  still  trying  to completely  unravel is the  area  of  chronobiochemistry.  The  history  of  chronobiology  is  dated  400  B.C.,  when  Androsthenes observes  that  leaves  of  certain  trees  open  during  the  day  and  close  at  night.  It  was  only  recently  that the  first  human  clock  gene  was  discovered.  All  living  organisms  possess  an  internal  bio...

Effect of edible camphor administrations on levels of steroid and thyroid hormones in male wistar rats_content_1

ABSTRACT Background:  Edible  camphor  (EC)  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  the  preparation  of  local infusion  for  the  management  and  treatment  of  pile,  back  pain,  and  erectile  dysfunction, which  are  practices  commonly  in  the  south-western  part  of  Nigeria.  Methods:  Thirty  rats  were  used  for  the  study,  and  were  divided  into  six  groups  of  five rats  each.  Group  I  animals  served  as  normal  ...

Role of mitochondria in apoptosis

In  living  cells,  especially  eukaryotes,  mitochondria  involvement  appears  to  be  important in  the  general  status  of  every  aspect  of  life.  Apoptosis  as  a  programmed  cell  death  is  mandatory to  all  life  process  thus,  mitochondria  might  be  describe  as  organelles  that  serves  as  a  gatekeeper to  trap  a  variety  of  proapototic  protein  and  prevent  the  functions  of  this  proteins  in  the  cytosol...

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens as a Tool for Transformation.

Plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil plant pathogenic bacterium, has become the most used method for the introduction of foreign genes into plant cells and the subsequent regeneration of transgenic plants. This review focuses on the host recognition and the process of gene transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells which implies several essential steps.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Extract of Diospyroschloroxylon Leaf in N-Nitrosodimethylamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

ABSTRACT   The  present  study  investigated  the  ameliorative  properties  of  Diospyroschloroxylon  (methanolic)  leaf  extract (DCLE)  in  liver  of  rats  intoxicated  with  N-Nitrosodimethylamine  (NDMA).  Antioxidant  markers-  Superoxide dismutase  (SOD),  catalase  (CAT),  reduced  glutathione  (GSH)  and  lipid  peroxidation  were  assayed spectrophotometrically.  DNA  fragmentation  was determined spectrophotometrically. The Bcl-2, Ki-67 and  ...

Immunomodulatory Potentials of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Phyllantus amarus in Wistar Rats

Immunomodulatory Potentials of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Phyllantus amarus in Wistar Rats Abstract   The  immunomodulatory  effect  of  the  ethanolic  leaf  extract  of  Phyllantus  amarus  on  wistar  rats  was investigated. Twenty eight (28) male animals were used for the study. The animals were divided into four (4) groups of seven (7) animals each. Group 1 was the normal control and received distilled water, animals in group 2 were given low dose (7.1 mg/kgBW) of the extr...

EFFECTS OF YOYO BITTERS AND SWEDISH BITTERS ON THE ARYLESTERASE ACTIVITY IN VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN OF MALE ALBINO RATS

ABSTRACT In order to investigate the effects of Yoyo and Swedish bitters on arylesterase activity in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), 40 male albino rats were divided into 6 groups; i, 3-week Yoyo bitters. ii, 3-week Swedish bitters. iii, 3-week control. iv, 6-week Yoyo bitters. v, 6-week Swedish bitters, vi, 6-week control. Daily weight of animals were determined and dosage of bitters corresponding to weight of each animal was administered. VLDL was isolated by a simple precipitation pr...

COPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL LOAD OF RIVERS IN OHAJI EGBEMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

ABSTRACT Ohaji Egbema, Imo State were studied over a period of  twelve months to determine the effects of detergent effluent discharges on the aspect of water quality of the river. Water samples from Points A, B and C were screened for microbiological analysis. The results revealed that the level of pollution varied depending on season and that the water quality was acceptable at the upstream (Point A) but became impaired at Points B and C, indicating significant pollution from detergent ef...

TRACE ELEMENTS CONTENT OF NEEM LEAVES (AZADIRACHTA INDICA)

ABSTRACT The global scenario is now supporting the development of modern drugs from less toxic plant products with proven medicinal properties. Each part of the neem plant (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) reportedly has various medicinal properties and has been in use in many continents for centuries. In this project work, water extract from Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A Juss) with the modern atomic absorption spectrophotometer was presented. The mineral and chemical properties in the water ...


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