ABSTRACT A cross sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence of bovine brucellosis in smallholder dairy farms in Morogoro Municipality. Milk and blood samples collected from 450 dairy cows in thirteen wards of Morogoro Municipality were examined for Brucella antibodies‟ using the Milk Ring Test as an initial screening test followed by Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used as a confirmatory test. Questionnaires were also administered to 135 respondents to assess po...
ABSTRACT Dogs are the earliest animals to be domesticated by humans. In many areas of Tanzania, dogs are poorly managed and rarely protected from diseases which turn them to be reservoirs of diseases that can be shared to human and livestock. A cross sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018 to assess the community knowledge, attitudes, practices and to study the epidemiology of parasitic infestations in dogs of Mvomero district and Morogoro Municipality. The structu...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess iodine status of school-aged children, pregnant, lactating and normal women in Rungemba, Kitelewasi, Kinyanambo and Berega villages. Data were collected by using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Urine and salt samples were collected and analyzed to determine iodine concentrations. Anthropometric measurements including weight and height and records of age, sex and gestation age for the pregnant women were also taken. Data were analysed by usin...
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Group B streptococcus (GBS) naturally colonises the lower gastrointestinal and female genitourinary tract. It poses a great risk of morbidity and mortality to infants born to colonised mothers. It is highly implicated in maternal infections such as endometritis and chorioamnionitis as well as neonatal infections such as pneumonia, meningitis and septicaemia. It also causes stillbirths and miscarriages in colonised women. Group B streptococcus infection in neonates is class...
ABSTRACT Women’s major responsibilities in agricultural and family welfare increase their roles in transmission of diseases hence making them vulnerable to many diseases including zoonoses. Knowing appropriate local control measures to control brucellosis would help improve disease situation at family level and communities in general. This cross sectional study, conducted from November 2013 to September 2014 at Kilosa District, aimed at assessing women’s knowledge, attitudes and practices...
ABSTRACT Herbal medicines are plant-derived materials used as therapeutic substances or dietary supplements. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate prevalence of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in herbal medicinal products (HMP) vended in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Fifty samples of HMPs were purchased from vendors in six locations in Morogoro Municipality. The samples were analysed by using laboratory standard procedures...
ABSTRACT Febrile zoonotic diseases from animals such as brucellosis are common and share many clinical manifestations with other fever causing diseases like malaria. The febrile zoonotic diseases are rarely routinely diagnosed or misdiagnosed in patients presenting with feverish conditions in many of the health facilities. Brucellosis in Morogoro region may be exacerbated by a number of factors including the presence of human-livestock-wildlife interface in the Mikumi Selous Ecosystem. The in...
ABSTRACT This study was carried out to estimate the porcine cysticercosis prevalence by meat inspection, identify the risk factors of porcine cysticercosis along the pig/pork marketing channels and describe the pig productions systems. Data for prevalence were obtained using census of all pig carcasses going through the meat inspection point over a 3-months period. A ledger was used to register information regarding all cysticercosis post mortem inspection findings. The meat inspection was ev...
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in sheep and goats kept under traditional management system in Meru district, Tanzania in September 2014, with the objective of determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthosis in small ruminants, identification of the most prevalent helminths, determination of helminth infection intensity in traditional management system and assessment of farmers awareness on small ruminants helminth control practice. In this study a tot...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess household dietary diversity and nutritional status of children and women in Madizini township and its surrounding 3 hinterland villages of Manyinga, Lungo and Mhonda. A total of 160 women with their children between 12-59 months old were randomly sampled from village registers. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire. A 24-hours recall on household dietary intake was conducted from which dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated u...
ABSTRACT Vehicle exhaust fumes emission, as one of leading major source among smoke producing air pollutants, was examined in this study. Nairobi, a mega-city with increasingly high levels of air pollution was studied with special emphasis on one of its roads, Waiyaki Highway. Objectives were to find if there is air pollution, air pollution effects growth and stress of plants. This road was investigated to gain scientific understanding of the effects of vehicle fumes on plants. Hotspots (ICEA...
ABSTRACT The thriving of the ostrich in an otherwise very harsh environment has been an intriguing question to many people. The objective of this study was to find out some of the physiological explanations to this question. Some aspects of nitrogen metabolism were studied in the as trich : Major urinary nitrogen metabolites in ostrich urine (uric acid nitrogen, urea nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen) were partitioned. Plasma urea and urinary ammonia levels were also determined using commercial k...
Background: Current methods of detection of childhood hypertension are cumbersome and contribute to under-diagnosis hence, the need to generate simpler diagnostic tools. The blood pressure to height ratio has recently been proposed as a novel screening tool for prehypertension and hypertension in some populations. We evaluated its applicability in our environment. Materials and Methods: The weights, heights, and blood pressure measurements of 2364 apparently healthy adolescents were determin...
Abstract BACKGROUND: Sickle cell anemia is the most common inheritable hemoglobin disorder in the world with very high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in Sub‑Saharan Africa. Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common causes of mortality among individuals with the condition. The management of this condition involves watchful waiting which may be deleterious in resource‑constrained settings. The use of exchange blood transfusion (EBT) has been reported to be beneficial. The ...
ABSTRACT Mobile phone technology has been demonstrated to promote maternal and child health. However, its benefits are yet to be fully explored in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes towards the use of mobile phones to promote maternal and child health among, women of reproductive age group (15 - 49 years) in Mushin, Lagos, Nigeria. In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 400 re...