Abstract Let an operator T belong to an operator ideal J, then for any operators A and B which can be composed with T as BTA then BTA J. Indeed, J contains the class of finite rank Banach Space operators. Now given L(X, Y ). Then J(X, Y ) L(X, Y ) such that J(X Y ) = {T : X Y : T }. Thus an operator ideal is a subclass J of L containing every identity operator acting on a one-dimensional Banach space such that: S + T J(X, Y ) where S, T J(X, Y ). If W,Z,X, Y ,A L(W,X),B L(Y,Z) then BTA J(W,Z...
Abstract The increase in Kenyan population attracted the establishment of more schools, both public schools and private schools. This was due to the need to cater for the increasing number of students being enrolled in schools. Moreover, the dynamics of students’ population both in public schools and private schools have created the changes in the schools’ population. This occurs through transfer from one category of school to the other, through completion of the learning period and thro...
Abstract We determine some important spaces of ideal operators and ideal characteristics. Special consideration is given to Frechet spaces, Spaces of finite rank operators and spaces of Hahn-Banach extension operators. The characteristics of ideals and related properties in these spaces as well as in some of their dual spaces are obtained.
Abstract The study of finite completely primary rings through the zero divisor graphs, the unit groups and their associated matrices, and the automorphism groups have attracted much attention in the recent past. For the Galois ring R′ and the 2-radical zero finite rings, the mentioned algebraic structures are well understood. Studies on the 3-radical zero finite rings have also been done for the unit groups and the zero divisor graphs Γ(R). However, the characterization of the matrices as...
Abstract In this paper, we investigate the generalizations of the concepts from Heine-Borel Theorem and the Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem to metric spaces. We show that the metric space X is compact if every open covering has a finite subcovering. This abstracts the Heine-Borel property. Indeed, the Heine-Borel Theorem states that closed bounded subsets of the real line R are compact. In this study, we rephrase compactness in terms of closed bounded subsets of the real line R, that is, the Bol...
Abstract Let n,x,y,z be any given integers. The study of n for which n = x2 +y2 + z2 is a very long-standing problem. Recent survey of sizeable literature shows that many researchers have made some progress to come up with algorithms of decomposing integers into sums of three squares. On the other hand, available results on integer representation as sums of three square is still very minimal. If a,b,c,d,k,m,n,u,v and w are any non-negative integers, this study determines the sum of three-squ...
Abstract The study of completely primary nite rings has generated interest- ing results in the structure theory of nite rings with identity. It has been shown that a nite ring can be classi ed by studying the structures of its group of units. But this group has subgroups which are interesting objects of study. Let R be a completely primary nite ring of character- istic pn and J be its Jacobson radical satisfying the condition Jn = (0) and Jn1 6= (0). In this paper, we characterize the qu...
Abstract Cancer has become a key public health affliction worldwide. Recent studies have shown that genetic factors cause only 5–10% of all human cancers, while the rest are caused by lifestyle. Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that chronic inflammatory diseases predispose individuals to various types of cancer. An estimated 20 % of all cancer related deaths globally arise from primary infections and inflammation. Current treatments for cancer include radiotherapy, chemother...
Abstract This paper explores the fundamental cosmological principle, with a specific focus on the homogeneity and isotropy assumptions inherent in the Friedmann model that underpins the standard model. We propose a modified redshift model that is based on the spatial distribution of luminous matter, examining three key astronomical quantities: light intensity, number density, and the redshift of galaxies. Our analysis suggests that the model can account for cosmic accelerated expansion witho...
Abstract Nutrient loading with nitrogen and phosphorus in receiving waters is an increasing concern worldwide. In Lake Victoria basin, the substantial inflow of nutrients has led to extensive eutrophication which has resulted in the reiterative proliferation of invasive species of aquatic weeds like water hyacinth and cyanobacteria in the Lake Victoria basin hence causing mass mortality of fish and health risks. Nowadays, anthropogenic activities such as crop production, sewage discharge, fo...
Abstract Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are widely grown throughout the world and provide valuable protein, vitamins and other nutrients. If the challenges related to its production are resolved, food security can be guaranteed for the growing population. Disease-causing pathogens are a major constraint in bean production. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens causes bacterial wilt of common bean disease. This pathogen causes high economic losses due to seedling death, yield lo...
Abstract Cyanobacteria are a phylum of blue-green algae in the domain bacteria that get their energy from sun light through photosynthesis. In anaerobic environments, photoautotrophic blue green algae derive electrons by reduction of sulphur. In the Kenyan soda lakes, cyanobacteria serve as the sole source of food for Lesser Flamingos. Also, detection of these blue green algae blooms, is evident in these environments. Due to this reason, it has been hypothesized that the blooms may lead to p...
Abstract Restaurant clientele have a task of making critical decisions concerning their choices of food and drinks. The decision-making process involves, firstly, the selection of the restaurant in which to have a meal and, secondly, the selection of food items from the menu to constitute their meals. Thus, it requires cognitive and physical effort for restaurant clientele to make decisions concerning their restaurant choices and ultimately a final purchase decision. This study applied the E...
Abstract In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), effective brucellosis control is limited, in part, by the lack of long-term commitments by governments to control the disease and the absence of reliable national human and livestock population-based data to inform policies. Therefore, we conducted a study to establish the national prevalence and develop a risk map for Brucella spp. in cattle to contribute to plans to eliminate the disease in Kenya by the year 2040. We randomly generated 268 geolocations...
Abstract Nematodes are a key component of the soil food web and they play an important role in the provision of ecosystem services. Rice cultivation in Mwea, Kenya involves the intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides which may affect the complexity of the nematode-based soil food web. This study examined the nematode diversity and food web structure in irrigated rice fields in Nyangati and Tebere in Mwea, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Nematodes were identified up to the genus level and soil p...