Abstract Decoding meaning in communication depends on semantic properties assigned by grammar and the speaker's intended meaning. Therefore, it is necessary to infer the intended meaning from the cues the speaker provides in the utterance. In such a case, context bridges the explanatory gap between sentence meaning and the speaker's meaning. Context is fundamental for language comprehension because meaning is dependent on it. This implies that context makes clear the intended meaning of any ...
Abstract The interpretation of meaning as intended is a major factor to be borne in mind by interlocutors in a communicative event. Though speakers choose strategies that enable communication messages in well-interpreted manner, thereby eliminating ambiguity, the same is not the case in the use of unusual stress, which is normally contrasted. Unusual stress communicates off record by giving out hints. This paper discusses unusual stress as an off-record politeness strategy with particular re...
Abstract Globally, conflicts arising from resource use are increasingly becoming common. This generated inter-ethnic violence that has caused death, strained relations among communities, led to loss of property, displacements, slowed economic growth, and increased sex-related crimes. Despite the government, local communities, and NGOs, among other institutions, putting effort into minimizing conflicts, they have yet to find a lasting solution. The overarching objective of the study was to ev...
Abstract Like many other communities, the Abanyala clan struggles with the intricacies of resource distribution, which is greatly influenced by the political environment and sociocultural dynamics. Essentially, who has access to resources and how they are allocated are largely determined by the Abanyala clan's political structure. Political elites, or those in positions of power and influence, control resources and, occasionally, put their interests ahead of fair distribution, which leads to...
Abstract This paper examines the role of intellectuals in the development of Pan-Africanist linguistic nationalism. The specific aim of the paper is to analyse elite ideas about African linguistic nationalism and their role in African society from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge, a stance which understands ideas in terms of the social, cultural and civilisational milieu that produces and consumes them. The focus of the paper is dictated by the fact that little, if anything, has...
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the impact of socioeconomic factors on teenage criminal conduct. A descriptive and evaluative research design was used in the study. We used both probability and non-probability sampling approaches. Non-probability sampling included deliberate and convenient sampling, whereas probability sampling included proportionate stratified random sampling. Both probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling strategies were used to pick the sample for the inv...
Abstract African indigenous (AIVs), and traditional, vegetables play a role in food security. This review examines distribution, use, diversity, and techniques used to study AIVs with special interest on Crotalaria species. Google scholar, PubMed, and the open web were searched for published articles between 1990 and 2020. The AIVs are distributed in almost all African countries but are mostly consumed in East and West Africa. The distribution and genetic diversity of some common AIVs has be...
Abstract/Overview Increasingly food culture in the context of socio-cultural dimension is becoming important for sustainable urban development. In the last four years food festivals have been held in Kisumu attracting several interests both from within and without the City. The Kisumu fish night event of 2013 marked the melting point of food culture in Kisumu. This paper thus explores the noble intention of integrating food culture in Kisumu as a socio-cultural capital for the advancement...
Abstract/Overview Background:Rift Valley Fever (RVF), is a viral zoonotic disease transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. In Kenya, its occurrence is associated with increased rains. In Baringo County, RVF was first reported in 2006–2007 resulting in 85 human cases and 5 human deaths, besides livestock losses and livelihood disruptions. This study sought to investigate the county’s current RVF risk status. Methodology and principal findings:A cross-sectional study on the knowledge,...
Abstract/Overview The world population is growing and shifting in character from to predominantly rural to increasingly urban. It is projected that by 2050, two thirds of the world’s population will be living in urban areas. The food system of cities has an impact on the health and wellbeing of residents. This study is a review of data and integration of findings from two projects done in Kisumu from 2016 - 2020: Consuming Urban Poverty (CUP) project and Nourishing Spaces (NS) project. ...
Abstract/Overview Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are vital for the growth, especially for developing countries as they create jobs and distribute the national wealth among rural communities. It is believed that their development is mostly influenced by availability of financial services. Mogotio District has a number of micro financial institutions. It was not clear the extent to which they interacted with MSEs so as to support their growth especially in rural areas of Mogotio. This s...
Agriculture in Ghana is increasingly becoming vulnerable to climate change due to its dependence on rainfed. To tackle current food insecurity and climate change, the agricultural sector of Ghana must be transformed to become climate-smart. This requires reducing the vulnerability and enhancing the resilience of the sector to the changing climate. This involves the provision of access to and use of climate change information by smallholder farmers through climate change communication. The stu...
The use of radio programmes in agricultural extension became the best strategy employed to improve access to livestock farming information. This research work was to unveil and demonstrate the level of contributions of the Koob-Ne-Guliuk Radio Programme as an effective tool in enhancing technology adoption in livestock farming and to unearth the factors that affect livestock farmers' access to and adoption of agricultural information in the Bawku West District. The study used a mixed research...
Abstract: In this paper, we dive deep into the world of spacecraft propulsion, focusing specifically on the exciting realm of electric propulsion systems tailored for small satellites. Electric propulsion holds immense promise, offering a host of advantages over traditional chemical systems, including improved efficiency, reduced propellant consumption, and enhanced mission flexibility. Small satellites, with their compact nature, stand to gain substantially from the versatility and scalabili...
AbstractA visit to social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, Tiktok, Telegram, Twitter, and others often shock us with a lot of hilarious and ambiguous memes. Behind the fun and ambiguity that comes with these memes is largesse of unexpressed meanings capable of being realised through a pragmatic analysis using the Speech Act theory of Mutual Contextual Beliefs (MCBs) as proposed by Kent Bach and Robert M. Harnish. This study hopes to evaluate the role of contextual beliefs in the disam...