Age and sex estimation models from the proximal femur are population-specific due to genetic and environmental variabilities. Extrapolating a femur-based age or sex estimating model from one population to another will be problematic. Proximal femur-specific age and sex estimation models are limited in Ghana. The study aimed to estimate the age and sex of an adult Ghanaian population using osteometric measurements from the proximal femur. The study was cross-sectional from January to June 2019...
Prenatal androgen exposure has suggested to be associated with lateral preferences in humans as per the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda (GBG) theory, the Sexual Differentiation Hypothesis (SDH) and the Callosal Hypothesis (CH). The 2D:4D ratio is the putative marker of prenatal androgen exposure. The study aimed to determine the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and lateral preferences. The study was cross-sectional from May to June 2021 that involved 206 participants (females = 112, males = 94)...
There are variabilities in the sex and height estimation accuracies using variables of the index and ring fingers. This study sought to compare the performance of the absolute length and the length ratio variables of the index and ring fingers in sex and height estimation. The study was cross-sectional from January to June 2021 at the University for Development Studies. The participants were 216 (males=96, females=120) between 18 and 32 years. The index (IF), the ring (RF) finger lengths and ...
Whether one population-specific model for sex and height estimation can be extrapolated to another population has been a source of controversy. This study sought to develop and compare models for sex and height estimation from the percutaneous lengths of the ulna and tibia in a Ghanaian population. The study was cross-sectional from January to June 2021 at the University for Development Studies, Tamale. There were 191 (male=89, female=102) participants between 18 and 30 years of age. The stan...
The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is the putative marker of prenatal hormone exposure. The 2D:4D ratio or the right–left difference (Dr-l) are said to be negative and positive correlates, respectively, of circulating testosterone and estrogen in both adult males and females. However, previous studies on the subject have reported mixed results. This study aimed to determine the sex-moderated relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and adult circulating testosterone, estradiol, testostero...
Background: Standard semen analysis is the surrogate measure of male fertility in clinical practice. According to recent studies, there is a slight increase in percentage of couples who are facing infertility problems globally. This study determined the semen quality trends of men seeking infertility treatment in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with data from archival records over a period of six years; from January 2015 to December 2020. R...
Background and Aim: The are sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as the age at disease onset. However, the impact of these risk factors on the age at onset of T2DM is less known in the Ghanaian population. An understanding of the differential impact of cardiometabolic risk factors on the age at onset on T2DM may lead to sex‐specific interventions in preventive and management strategies for T2DM. Methods: The study was cross‐sectional f...
Aims: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are commonly treated with metformin-glimepiride combination therapy. The relationship between disease duration and cardiometabolic risk factors among T2DM patients on metformin-glimepiride combination therapy may be moderated by sex. This, however, has not been investigated in the Ghanaian population. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from January to December 2019 at the Bol...
Pathophysiologically, type 2 diabetes can result from insulin resistance or insulin insufficiency alone. It is unclear whether relative insulin shortage or pronounced insulin resistance is linked to poor cardiometabolic problems like obesity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred and twenty-one (121) type 2 diabetic men participated in this cros...
Aims: The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and the right-left difference (Dr-l) are the putative markers of prenatal hormone exposure. These digit ratios are sexually dimorphic and are said to be positive and negative correlates, respectively, of circulating testosterone and estrogen in adulthood. There is also a sex difference in liver function in adulthood which may be due to sex differences in plasma liver enzyme activity or concentration. The observed sex difference in liver function...
The selection of X- or Y-bearing spermatozoa during fertilization may depend on maternal circulating sex hormones. The zona pellucida of the developing oocyte is adapted to be selective for the Y-bearing spermatozoa when maternal circulating androgens are relatively high. This study sought to determine whether maternal postpartum testosterone and estradiol can retrospectively predict the offspring sex at birth. The study was cross-sectional from December 2020 to April 2021 at the Reproductive...
There are sex differences in age-related bone modifications after puberty. Androgens stimulate radial bone expansion in males, while estrogen stimulates endosteal apposition but limits periosteal expansion in females. The potential effect of age on observed sex biases in height and sex estimation models is most significantly relevant for forensic or bioarchaeological research that relies, at least in part, on hand and foot bone measurements of living or skeletal remains for purposes of identi...
ABSTRACT In this work, an attempt was made to estimate the depth to magnetic source and by inference, the thickness of sediments within parts of the Sokoto Basin, Northwestern Nigeria. Aeromagnetic data of Tambuwal (Sheet 50) was acquired, processed and interpreted. The regional field was separated from the total magnetic intensity (TMI) and the magnetic anomaly was obtained. The anomaly map was upward continued and divided into overlapping square grids of 27.5 km x 27.5 km. Spectral depth an...
Binomial system is a system of analysis which involves two chances or possible outcomes of event which are the extreme ends of such event. In real life, there exists the mid or intermediary chance or possible outcome of some events if not all events making the possible outcome of such events to be three. For this scenario or instance, a trinomial system of analysis would be applicable. There is need to develop a model to analysis such scenario of trinomial system. This research work pres...
With the emphasis that the study area is a highly mineralized area with high potential for future mining projects due to large iron ore reserves, a total of 21 soil surface samples were investigated in terms of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, and As) using ICP-OES to determine the metal concentrations, define the geochemical baseline during pre-mining conditions, decipher metal sources and their interrelationships using multivariate statistical analysis, and evaluate the contamina...